Classical Five Orders of European Stone Columns

Classical Five Orders of European Stone Columns

1.Doric Order Dórica

Sturdy and powerful. The shaft features 20 vertical flutes. The capital only has a plain square abacus without volutes or leaf carvings. Original Greek Doric columns have no base, while Roman versions add a round base.

 

Application: Hotels, government buildings, villa gateways, solemn and grand exterior walls.

2.Ionic Order Jônica

Elegant and slender. The capital is decorated with a pair of symmetrical scroll volutes on both sides. The shaft has 24 delicate flutes, with a slim proportion of 8–9:1.
 
Application: Villa entrances, indoor background walls, clubs, American & French light luxury architecture.

3.Corinthian Order Coríntia

Exquisitely ornate. Its capital is carved with two layers of acanthus leaves plus small volutes at four corners, boasting the richest layered carvings. The fluted shaft is tall and slim.
 
Application: Luxury villa gateways, hotel lobbies, landscape fountains, high-end villa door facades.

4.Tuscan Order Toscana

Simplified version of the Doric Order. The shaft is smooth without fluting. Its capital is a plain slab with no carvings, matched with a simple circular base. The column looks stocky with a height-to-diameter ratio of 7:1.
 
Application: Tuscan-style villas, courtyard porches, modern minimalist European facades.

5.Composite Order Compósita

A combination of Corinthian and Ionic styles. The bottom layer consists of large acanthus leaves, topped with prominent Ionic scroll volutes. It has the fullest, most luxurious carvings, created in the late Roman period.
 
Application: European palaces, large commercial complexes, landscape sculpture columns.

Director and Artist of Fancy Marble Sculpture.